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Spermicide
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What is a Spermicide?
Spermicides are substances that kill sperm. Usually they are used to increase the effectivity of contraceptive barrier methods such as diaphragms, condoms, and cervical caps as they are only somewhat effective alone. Various contraceptive sponges use spermicides.
It has been suggested however, that the amount of Nonoxynol-9 used on condoms is not enough to significantly increase their effectiveness as contraception.
The most common active ingredient of spermicides is nonoxynol-9, to which some people are allergic. Nonoxynol-9 has been shown to increase the risk of contracting HIV because it creates tiny abrasions in the vaginal and rectal walls that make contraction of HIV and other STDs more likely.
Other spermicides include octoxynol-8, benzalkonium chloride, and sodium cholate.
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How do they work?
Just before having sex, you must insert the product high into the vagina using an appropriate applicator. Some condoms already have spermicide on them. The sperm die when they come into contact with the chemicals contained in the spermicide.
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How effective are spermicides as a contraception method?
A spermicide is highly effective when used with another barrier method such as a condom, diaphragm or cervical cap. A gel or cream product work best with these barrier methods. Some products like the gel and cream are ready to go to work immediately after you apply them, while others take time to become effective. If you are using a film product or a suppository you will have to wait anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes before having intercourse for it to be effective. When used alone, spermicides are about 79-94% effective in preventing pregnancy.
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Are there side effects?
The most common side effects associated with spermicides are irritation or allergy. Are there benefits to spermicides?
- Prescription-free
- Easy to use
- Provide some protection against STDs, cervical cancer
- Can be carried with you
Disadvantages include:
- Unreliable protection against pregnancy when used alone
- Can be messy
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